Population
The population in South Korea is about 48,747,657, 10.5 million of those residing solely in Seoul.
Language
Originally, Koreans used Chinese writing; Hangul, their alphabet, was created in the 1400s.
Korean is the official language of South Korea, and is spoken throughout the whole country, with varying dialects in different districts/cities.
Religion
The population is 23% Christian, 23% Buddhist, and 54% of either no affiliation or other religious minority.
General Attitudes
Koreans are a very respectful people, and, like many other Asian cultures, are typically raised to revere and respect elders and family above all else. While generally still conservative, younger Korean generations are adapting to more casual, liberal "Western" attitudes towards social/public situations.
Personal Appearance
People in Korea dress in a modern fashion, much like here in America, and still wear traditional garb during holidays such as New Year's.